Two different dolphin species mated to create the clymene dolphin, scientists report, in a first scientific find of such a hybrid marine mammal species. The entire evolutionary sequence, from little Indohyus diving into streams, to modern cetacean-like basilosaurids took about 8 million years. Dolphin is a common name of aquatic mammals within the infraorder Cetacea.The term dolphin usually refers to the extant families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), and Pontoporiidae (the brackish dolphins), and the extinct Lipotidae (baiji or Chinese river dolphin). This allows dolphins to maintain consciousness in response to respiratory demands of the ocean. All three ‘peaks’ of large brain size evolution in mammals (odontocetes, humans and elephants) shared a common selective environment: extreme mutual dependence based on external threats from predators or conspecific groups. These alternative views strongly affect the biogeographical and evolutionary implications raised by the important, although limited, fossil record of river dolphins. Some basilosaurids looked like a dolphin, and it is likely that their lifestyle resembled that of dolphins. Dolphins, along with whales and porpoises, are thought to be descendants of terrestrial mammals, most likely of the Artiodactyl order.
There are 40 extant species named as dolphins. In dolphins, natural selection has developed unihemispheric sleep where alternating hemispheres of their brain stay awake. Evolution designed new forms, tried them out, and discarded most of them, until at the end only the modern cetacean body plan remained.
Bottlenose dolphins are found in tropical oceans and other warm waters around the globe.
In this context, … Connor R (2007) Dolphin social intelligence: complex alliance relationships in bottlenose dolphins and a consideration of selective environments for extreme brain size evolution in mammals, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362:1480, (587 … Unihemispheric sleep may also allow dolphins to maintain vigilant states over long periods of time.
Extreme brain size evolution may have occurred more than once in the toothed whales, reaching peaks in the dolphin family and the sperm whale.
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